Which of the following conditions can lead to adrenal insufficiency?

Adrenal insufficiency occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce adequate amounts of steroid hormones, particularly cortisol. Addison's disease is the most known cause of primary adrenal insufficiency. It is an autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system attacks the adrenal glands, leading to decreased hormone production. This condition can result in symptoms such as fatigue, weight loss, low blood pressure, and changes in skin pigmentation.

Other conditions like obesity, diabetes mellitus, and hypothyroidism do not directly cause adrenal insufficiency. While they can affect overall health and hormone levels, they do not lead to the specific dysfunction of the adrenal glands as seen in Addison's disease. Therefore, understanding that Addison's disease is specifically tied to adrenal insufficiency highlights its significance in recognizing and managing this condition in clinical practice.