What is the first-line treatment for a patient in respiratory distress due to asthma?

The first-line treatment for a patient in respiratory distress due to asthma involves administering albuterol, either through nebulization or a metered-dose inhaler. Albuterol is a short-acting beta-agonist (SABA) that works by relaxing the muscles of the airways, which helps to dilate and open them up, thereby relieving bronchospasm and improving airflow. Rapid relief of bronchospasm is crucial in acute asthma exacerbations, and albuterol acts quickly, providing prompt symptomatic relief to the patient.

While oxygen therapy is essential if there are signs of hypoxia, and oral steroids may be used for long-term control or severe cases of asthma to reduce inflammation, they do not provide immediate relief for acute respiratory distress. Acute bronchodilators are essentially the same class of medication as albuterol but specifically refer to agents used in emergencies to relieve symptoms quickly. However, in this context, albuterol is the specific and preferred medication commonly used in emergencies for its speed and efficacy.